In the digital and intelligence era, one challenge is to integrate in an efficient, seamless and adaptive manner technological systems and human factors. Despite several concerns related to its evolution, artificial intelligence can make an unprecedented improvement to system performance and to the quality of life – in mobility, security, medicine and entertainment. A key requirement for systems to be adaptive is to be able to rely on the valid near real-time monitoring of the human – cognitive and affective – functional state. There is a great deal of research on finding which combination of behavioral, ocular and physiological measures are most specific and sensitive to fluctuations in stress, workload, fatigue, engagement, learning rate, sensemaking and other psychological dimensions and processes.
